Understanding Final Action Dates vs. Dates for Filing in the Visa Bulletin
For many individuals navigating the U.S. immigration system—especially those pursuing a green card through family-sponsored or employment-based categories—understanding the monthly Visa Bulletin issued by the U.S. Department of State is critical. Within this bulletin lie two key charts that play a pivotal role in determining when you can file your Adjustment of Status (AOS) application and when you can actually receive a green card. These charts are known as the Final Action Dates and the Dates for Filing. Despite sounding similar, these two charts serve very different purposes and can significantly impact your immigration timeline.
The Two Charts Explained
Every month, the Visa Bulletin includes two charts for both family-sponsored and employment-based green card categories:
- Final Action Dates (Chart A): This chart indicates when green cards (immigrant visas) can actually be issued. If your priority date is on or before the date listed in this chart, a visa is available, and your Adjustment of Status application can be approved.
- Dates for Filing (Chart B): This chart determines when you may file your Adjustment of Status application (Form I-485), even if a visa is not yet available. It allows you to begin the process earlier than you would under the Final Action Dates chart.
USCIS’s Role in Determining Which Chart to Use
Although the Department of State publishes both charts, USCIS decides each month which chart applicants can use to file AOS applications. USCIS posts this decision on its Visa Bulletin webpage. If they indicate that the Final Action Dates chart must be used, applicants whose priority dates are current only under the Dates for Filing chart must wait to file their I-485 applications.
Impact on AOS Filing and Green Card Issuance
Being current under the Dates for Filing chart allows early filing, but your green card can only be approved when your priority date is current under the Final Action Dates chart. Filing early can allow you to obtain employment authorization (EAD) and advance parole (AP) while your I-485 is pending, but final approval will depend on visa availability.
Real-World Implications for Applicants
Applicants often assume that being current under the Dates for Filing chart means their green card is around the corner. In reality, it simply means that USCIS may accept your application for processing. You might receive your EAD and AP, and even complete an interview. However, until your priority date becomes current under the Final Action Dates chart, your green card cannot be approved.
Conclusion
Understanding the distinction between Final Action Dates and Dates for Filing is essential for anyone applying for a green card. The Dates for Filing chart provides a valuable opportunity to submit your application early, but the Final Action Dates chart ultimately controls when you can be granted lawful permanent residence. Regularly checking both the Department of State’s Visa Bulletin and USCIS’s monthly chart usage announcement is critical to managing your case effectively and staying on track throughout your immigration journey.
